LOYTEC Electronics LINX Series

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 9.3
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity/public exploits are available
• Vendor: LOYTEC electronics GmbH
• Equipment: LINX series
• Vulnerabilities: Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information, Missing Authentication for Critical Function, Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information, Improper Access Control

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to disclose sensitive information or make modifications to an affected device.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following Loytec products are affected:

• LINX-151: All versions
• LINX-212: All versions
• LVIS-3ME12-A1: All versions
• LIOB-586: All versions
• LIOB-580 V2: All versions
• LIOB-588: All versions
• L-INX Configurator: All versions

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 CLEARTEXT TRANSMISSION OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-319

LOYTEC LINX-212 firmware 6.2.4, LVIS-3ME12-A1 firmware 6.2.2 and LIOB-586 firmware 6.2.3 devices send password-change requests via cleartext HTTP.

CVE-2023-46380 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2023-46380. A base score of 8.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.2 MISSING AUTHENTICATION FOR CRITICAL FUNCTION CWE-306

LOYTEC LINX-212 firmware 6.2.4, LVIS-3ME12-A1 firmware 6.2.2 and LIOB-586 firmware 6.2.3 devices lack authentication for the preinstalled version of LWEB-802 via an lweb802_pre/ URI. An unauthenticated attacker can edit any project (or create a new project) and control its GUI.

CVE-2023-46381 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2023-46381 . A base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.3 CLEARTEXT TRANSMISSION OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-319

LOYTEC LINX-212 firmware 6.2.4, LVIS-3ME12-A1 firmware 6.2.2 and LIOB-586 firmware 6.2.3 devices use cleartext HTTP for login.

CVE-2023-46382 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2023-46382. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.4 CLEARTEXT TRANSMISSION OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-319

LOYTEC electronics GmbH LINX Configurator 7.4.10 uses HTTP Basic Authentication, which transmits usernames and passwords in base64-encoded cleartext and allows remote attackers to steal the password and gain full control of LOYTEC device configuration.

CVE-2023-46383 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2023-46383. A base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.5 CLEARTEXT STORAGE OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-312

LOYTEC electronics GmbH LINX Configurator 7.4.10 is vulnerable to insecure permissions. Cleartext storage of credentials allows remote attackers to disclose admin password and bypass an authentication to log in.

CVE-2023-46384 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2023-46384. A base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H).

3.2.6 CLEARTEXT TRANSMISSION OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-319

LOYTEC electronics GmbH LINX Configurator 7.4.10 is vulnerable to Insecure Permissions. An admin credential is passed as a value of URL parameters without encryption, so it allows remote attackers to steal the password and gain full control of LOYTEC device configuration.

CVE-2023-46385 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2023-46385. A base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H).

3.2.7 CLEARTEXT STORAGE OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-312

LOYTEC electronics GmbH LINX-212 firmware 6.2.4 and LINX-151 firmware 7.2.4 are vulnerable to insecure permissions via registry.xml file. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose smtp client account credentials and bypass email authentication.

CVE-2023-46386 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2023-46386. A base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H).

3.2.8 IMPROPER ACCESS CONTROL CWE-284

LOYTEC electronics GmbH LINX-212 firmware 6.2.4 and LINX-151 firmware 7.2.4 are vulnerable to incorrect access control via dpal_config.zml file. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on LOYTEC device data point configuration.

CVE-2023-46387 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2023-46387. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.9 CLEARTEXT STORAGE OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-312

LOYTEC electronics GmbH LINX-212 6.2.4 and LINX-151 7.2.4 are vulnerable to insecure permissions via dpal_config.zml file. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose smtp client account credentials and bypass email authentication.

CVE-2023-46388 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2023-46388. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L).

3.2.10 IMPROPER ACCESS CONTROL CWE-284

LOYTEC electronics GmbH LINX-212 firmware 6.2.4 and LINX-151 firmware 7.2.4 are vulnerable to incorrect access control via registry.xml file. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on LINX configuration.

CVE-2023-46389 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2023-46389. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Austria

3.4 RESEARCHER

Chizuru Toyama of TXOne Networks reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

LOYTEC recommends users of the affected products to update to version 8.2.8. Additionally, LOYTEC recommends the following actions:

• For CVE-2023-46380, CVE-2023-46382, CVE-2023-46383,CVE-2023-46385: Disable HTTP on the LOYTEC device as recomended by LOYTEC's security hardening guide.
• For CVE-2023-46381: Upgrade to latest firmware. Permissions on LWEB projects have been hardened.
• For CVE-2023-46387, CVE-2023-46389: Current firmware protects registry.xml and dpal_config.zml by admin access. Upgrade to latest firmware.
• For CVE-2023-46384: Patch will be published in LINX Configurator.
• For CVE-2023-46386, CVE-2023-46388: LINX firmware will implement encrypted storage of SMTP credentials. Patch will be published as LINX firmware upgrade.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:

• Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
• Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
• Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• September 3, 2024: Initial Publication

• LOYTEC