goTenna Pro X and Pro X2 (Update A)

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v4 8.7
• ATTENTION: Low attack complexity
• Vendor: goTenna
• Equipment: Pro series
• Vulnerabilities: Weak Password Requirements, Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information, Missing Support for Integrity Check, Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information, Improper Restriction of Communication Channel to Intended Endpoints, Use of Cryptographically Weak Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG), Weak Authentication, Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data, Observable Response Discrepancy, Missing Authentication for Critical Function

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to compromise the confidentiality and integrity of the communications between the affected devices.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of goTenna Pro series, mesh networking device, are affected:

• goTenna Pro App: versions 1.6.1 and prior

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 Weak Password Requirements CWE-521

The goTenna Pro App uses a weak password for sharing encryption keys via the key broadcast method. If the broadcasted encryption key is captured over RF, and password is cracked via brute force attack, it is possible to decrypt it and use it to decrypt all future and past messages sent via encrypted broadcast with that particular key. This only applies when the key is broadcasted over RF. This is an optional feature, so it is recommended to use local QR encryption key sharing for additional security on this and previous versions.

CVE-2024-47121 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47121. A base score of 6.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.2 Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information CWE-922

In the goTenna Pro App, the encryption keys are stored along with a static IV on the End User Device (EUD). This allows for complete decryption of keys stored on the EUD if physically compromised. This allows an attacker to decrypt all encrypted broadcast communications based on encryption keys stored on the EUD. This requires access to and control of the EUD, so it is recommended to use strong access control measures and layered encryption on the EUD for more secure operation.

CVE-2024-47122 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47122. A base score of 5.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.3 Missing Support for Integrity Check CWE-353

The goTenna Pro App uses AES CTR type encryption for short, encrypted messages without any additional integrity checking mechanisms. This leaves messages malleable to an attacker that can access the message. It is recommended to continue to use encryption in the app and update to the current release for more secure operations.

CVE-2024-47123 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N)).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47123. A base score of 6.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.4 Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information CWE-319

The goTenna Pro App does not encrypt callsigns in messages. It is recommended to not use sensitive information in callsigns when using this and previous versions of the app and update your app to the current app version which uses AES-256 encryption for callsigns in encrypted operation.

CVE-2024-47124 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47124. A base score of 2.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.5 Improper Restriction of Communication Channel to Intended Endpoints CWE-923

The goTenna Pro App does not authenticate public keys which allows an unauthenticated attacker to manipulate messages. It is advised to update your app to the current release for enhanced encryption protocols.

CVE-2024-47125 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47125. A base score of 7.6 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.6 Use of Cryptographically Weak Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) CWE-338

The goTenna Pro App does not use SecureRandom when generating passwords for sharing cryptographic keys. The random function in use makes it easier for attackers to brute force this password if the broadcasted encryption key is captured over RF. This only applies to the optional broadcast of an encryption key, so it is advised to share the key with local QR code for higher security operations.

CVE-2024-47126 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47126. A base score of 7.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.7 Weak Authentication CWE-1390

In the goTenna Pro App there is a vulnerability that makes it possible to inject any custom message with any GID and Callsign using a software defined radio in existing goTenna mesh networks. This vulnerability can be exploited if the device is being used in an unencrypted environment or if the cryptography has already been compromised. It is advised to share encryption keys via QR scanning for higher security operations and update your app to the current release for enhanced encryption protocols.

CVE-2024-47127 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47127. A base score of 6.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.8 Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data CWE-201

The goTenna Pro App encryption key name is always sent unencrypted when the key is shared over RF through a broadcast message. It is advised to share the encryption key via local QR for higher security operations.

CVE-2024-47128 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47128. A base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.9 Observable Response Discrepancy CWE-204

The goTenna Pro App does not inject extra characters into broadcasted frames to obfuscate the length of messages. This makes it possible to tell the length of the payload regardless of the encryption used.

CVE-2024-47129 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47129. A base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.2.10 Missing Authentication for Critical Function CWE-306

The goTenna Pro App allows unauthenticated attackers to remotely update the local public keys used for P2P and group messages. It is advised to update your app to the current release for enhanced encryption protocols.

CVE-2024-47130 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.6 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-47130. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Communications, Government Services and Facilities
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: United States
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States

3.4 RESEARCHER

Erwin Karincic, Clayton Smith, and Dale Wooden reported this these vulnerabilities to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

goTenna recommends that users mitigate these vulnerabilities by performing the following updates:

• Android Pro: v2.0.3 or greater
• iOS Pro: v2.0.3 or greater

goTenna recommends that users follow these mitigations:

General Mitigations for All Users/Clients

• Use Discreet Callsigns and Key Names: Choose callsigns and key names that do not disclose sensitive information, such as your location, team size, or team name. Avoid using any identifiers that could inadvertently reveal your location or the composition of your team.
• Secure End-User Devices: Implement strong security measures on all end-user devices, including the use of encryption and ensuring regular software updates.
• Follow Key Rotation Best Practices: Regularly rotate encryption keys according to industry best practices to maintain ongoing security.

Pro-Specific Mitigations

• Share Encryption Keys via QR Code: Utilize QR codes, similar to ATAK, for the secure exchange of encryption keys.
• Secure Broadcasting: When broadcasting, ensure you are in a secured area and transmit the key at a reduced power of 0.5 Watts to limit exposure.
• Leverage Layered Encryption: Implement layered encryption keys to securely manage communications, whether interacting with individuals or teams.

If you have any questions please contact prosupport@gotenna.com.

goTenna recommends users follow their secure operating best practices

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
• When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities are not exploitable remotely.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• September 26, 2024: Initial Publication
• October 17, 2024: Update A - Updates were made to Vulnerability Overview, Affected Products, and Mitigations.