ABB ACS880 Drives Containing CODESYS RTS

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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• CVSS v3 8.8
• ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
• Vendor: ABB
• Equipment: ACS880 Drives with IEC 61131-3 license
• Vulnerabilities: Improper Input Validation, Out-of-bounds Write, Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to gain full access to the device or cause a denial-of-service condition.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

ABB reports that the following low-voltage DC drive and power controller products contain a vulnerable version of CODESYS Runtime:

• ABB ACS880 Drives ACS880 Primary Control Program AINLX: Versions prior to v3.47
• ABB ACS880 Drives ACS880 Primary Control Program YINLX: Versions prior to v1.30
• ABB ACS880 Drives ACS880 IGBT Supply Control Program AISLX: Versions prior to v3.43
• ABB ACS880 Drives ACS880 IGBT Supply Control Program ALHLX: Versions prior to v3.43
• ABB ACS880 Drives ACS880 IGBT Supply Control Program YISLX: Versions prior v1.30
• ABB ACS880 Drives ACS880 IGBT Supply Control Program YLHLX: Versions prior v1.30
• ABB ACS880 Drives ACS880 Position Control Program APCLX: Versions up to and including v1.04.0.5
• ABB ACS880 Drives ACS880 Test Bench Control Program ATBLX: Versions up to and including v3.44.0.0

3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW

3.2.1 IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION CWE-20

After successful authentication as a user in multiple CODESYS products in multiple versions, specific crafted network communication requests with inconsistent content can cause the CmpAppForce component to read internally from an invalid address, potentially leading to a denial-of-service condition.

CVE-2023-37559 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.2 IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION CWE-20

After successful authentication as a user in multiple CODESYS products in multiple versions, specific crafted network communication requests with inconsistent content can cause the CmpAppForce component to read internally from an invalid address, potentially leading to a denial-of-service condition.

CVE-2023-37558 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.3 OUT-OF-BOUNDS WRITE CWE-787

After successful authentication as a user in multiple CODESYS products in multiple versions, specific crafted remote communication requests can cause the CmpAppBP component to overwrite a heap-based buffer which can lead to a denial-of-service condition

CVE-2023-37557 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.4 IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION CWE-20

In multiple versions of multiple CODESYS products, after successful authentication as a user, specific crafted network communication requests with inconsistent content can cause the CmpAppBP component to read internally from an invalid address, potentially leading to a denial-of-service condition.

CVE-2023-37556 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.5 IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION CWE-20

In multiple versions of multiple CODESYS products, after successful authentication as a user, specific crafted network communication requests with inconsistent content can cause the CmpAppBP component to read internally from an invalid address, potentially leading to a denial-of-service condition.

CVE-2023-37555 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.6 IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION CWE-20

In multiple versions of multiple CODESYS products, after successful authentication as a user, specific crafted network communication requests with inconsistent content can cause the CmpAppBP component to read internally from an invalid address, potentially leading to a denial-of-service condition.

CVE-2023-37554 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.7 IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION CWE-20

In multiple versions of multiple CODESYS products, after successful authentication as a user, specific crafted network communication requests with inconsistent content can cause the CmpAppBP component to read internally from an invalid address, potentially leading to a denial-of-service condition.

CVE-2023-37553 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.8 IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION CWE-20

In multiple versions of multiple CODESYS products, after successful authentication as a user, specific crafted network communication requests with inconsistent content can cause the CmpAppBP component to read internally from an invalid address, potentially leading to a denial-of-service condition.

CVE-2023-37552 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.9 IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION CWE-20

In multiple CODESYS products in multiple versions, after successful authentication as a user, specific crafted network communication requests with inconsistent content can cause the CmpApp component to read internally from an invalid address, potentially leading to a denial-of-service condition.

CVE-2023-37550 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.10 IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION CWE-20

In multiple CODESYS products in multiple versions, after successful authentication as a user, specific crafted network communication requests with inconsistent content can cause the CmpApp component to read internally from an invalid address, potentially leading to a denial-of-service condition.

CVE-2023-37549 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.11 IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION CWE-20

In multiple CODESYS products in multiple versions, after successful authentication as a user, specific crafted network communication requests with inconsistent content can cause the CmpApp component to read internally from an invalid address, potentially leading to a denial-of-service condition.

CVE-2023-37548 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.12 IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION CWE-20

In multiple CODESYS products in multiple versions, after successful authentication as a user, specific crafted network communication requests with inconsistent content can cause the CmpApp component to read internally from an invalid address, potentially leading to a denial-of-service condition.

CVE-2023-37547 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.13 IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION CWE-20

In multiple CODESYS products in multiple versions, after successful authentication as a user, specific crafted network communication requests with inconsistent content can cause the CmpApp component to read internally from an invalid address, potentially leading to a denial-of-service condition.

CVE-2023-37546 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.14 IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION CWE-20

In multiple CODESYS products in multiple versions, after successful authentication as a user, specific crafted network communication requests with inconsistent content can cause the CmpApp component to read internally from an invalid address, potentially leading to a denial-of-service condition.

CVE-2023-37545 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

3.2.15 IMPROPER RESTRICTION OF OPERATIONS WITHIN THE BOUNDS OF A MEMORY BUFFER CWE-119

In CODESYS Control in multiple versions a improper restriction of operations within the bounds of a memory buffer allow an remote attacker with user privileges to gain full access of the device.

CVE-2022-4046 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).

3.3 BACKGROUND

• CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing
• COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
• COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Switzerland

3.4 RESEARCHER

ABB PSIRT reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

ABB has identified the following specific workarounds and mitigations users can apply to reduce risk:

• ACS880 Primary Control Program AINLX, ACS880 Primary Control Program YINLX, ACS880 IGBT Supply Control Program AISLX, ACS880 IGBT Supply Control Program ALHLX, ACS880 IGBT Supply Control Program YISLX, ACS880 IGBT Supply Control Program YLHLX: In latest firmware versions for the affected products, ABB has mitigated the CODESYS Runtime System vulnerabilities. IEC online programming communication is disabled by default. As a result, CODESYS tools communication with the drive is disabled. ABB recommends that users apply the firmware update at earliest convenience. For situations where firmware update is not feasible, please set parameter 196.102 to bit 2 to disable file download for further bit description, please refer to drive
  firmware manual.
• ACS880 Position Control Program APCLX, ACS880 Test Bench Control Program ATBLX: For situations where firmware update is not feasible, please set parameter 196.102 to bit 2 to disable file download, for further bit description, please refer to drive
  firmware manual.

The following product versions have been fixed:

• ACS880 Primary Control Program AINLX: Versions v3.47 and later are fixed versions for CVE-2023-37559, CVE-2022-4046, CVE-2023-37558, CVE-2023-37557, CVE-2023-37556, CVE-2023-37555, CVE-2023-37554, CVE-2023-37553, CVE-2023-37552, CVE-2023-37549, CVE-2023-37550, CVE-2023-37548, CVE-2023-37547, CVE-2023-37546, CVE-2023-37545.
• ACS880 Primary Control Program YINLX: Versions v1.30 and later are fixed versions for CVE-2023-37559, CVE-2023-37558, CVE-2023-37557, CVE-2023-37556, CVE-2022-4046, CVE-2023-37545, CVE-2023-37546, CVE-2023-37547, CVE-2023-37548, CVE-2023-37549, CVE-2023-37550, CVE-2023-37552, CVE-2023-37553, CVE-2023-37554, CVE-2023-37555.
• ACS880 IGBT Supply Control Program AISLX: Versions v3.43 and later are fixed versions for CVE-2023-37559, CVE-2023-37558, CVE-2023-37557, CVE-2023-37556, CVE-2023-37555, CVE-2023-37554, CVE-2023-37553, CVE-2023-37552, CVE-2023-37550, CVE-2023-37549, CVE-2023-37548, CVE-2023-37547, CVE-2023-37546, CVE-2023-37545, CVE-2022-4046.
• ACS880 IGBT Supply Control Program ALHLX: Versions v3.43 and later are fixed versions for CVE-2023-37559, CVE-2023-37558, CVE-2023-37557, CVE-2023-37556, CVE-2023-37555, CVE-2023-37554, CVE-2023-37553, CVE-2023-37552, CVE-2023-37550, CVE-2023-37549, CVE-2023-37548, CVE-2023-37547, CVE-2023-37546, CVE-2023-37545, CVE-2022-4046.
• ACS880 IGBT Supply Control Program YISLX: Versions v1.30 and later are fixed versions for CVE-2023-37559, CVE-2023-37558, CVE-2023-37557, CVE-2023-37556, CVE-2023-37555, CVE-2023-37554, CVE-2023-37553, CVE-2023-37552, CVE-2023-37550, CVE-2023-37549, CVE-2023-37548, CVE-2023-37547, CVE-2023-37546, CVE-2023-37545, CVE-2022-4046.
• ACS880 IGBT Supply Control Program YLHLX: Versions v1.30 and later are fixed versions for CVE-2023-37559, CVE-2023-37558, CVE-2023-37557, CVE-2023-37556, CVE-2023-37555, CVE-2023-37554, CVE-2023-37553, CVE-2023-37552, CVE-2023-37550, CVE-2023-37549, CVE-2023-37548, CVE-2023-37547, CVE-2023-37546, CVE-2023-37545, CVE-2022-4046.

For more information, see ABB's security advisory.

ABB strongly recommends the following (non-exhaustive) list of general cyber security practices for any installation of software-related products:

• Isolate special-purpose networks (e.g., for automation systems) and remote devices behind firewalls, and separate them from any general-purpose network (e.g., office or home networks).
• Install physical controls so only authorized personnel can access your devices, components, peripheral equipment, and networks.
• Never connect programming software tools or computers containing programming software to any network other than the network where run the devices that it is intended for.
• Scan all data imported into your environment before use to detect potential malware infections.
• Minimize network exposure for all applications and endpoints to ensure that they are not accessible from the Internet unless they are designed for such exposure and the intended use requires it.
• Ensure all nodes are always up to date in terms of installed software, operating system, and firmware patches as well as anti-virus and firewall.
• When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as virtual private networks (VPNs). Recognize that VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also, understand that VPNs are only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities. CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:

• Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
• Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
• Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

• April 3, 2025: Initial Republication of ABB 9AKK108470A9491

• ABB